Operation X and the French Indochina War - LAOS 2

Today we cover Operation X, the French's narco-counterinsurgency program during the First Indochina War, a program that would be refined later by the CIA and Edward Lansdale. Under this operation, the French, under Major Roger Trinquier, contracted the Hmong people to fight on their behalf, future allies of the CIA. Please consider subscribing to my Patreon. I make no money off of YouTube ad revenue and all of Season 2 and the first videos of Season 3 are available there now. Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/EyesWideOpen408 SOURCES: [1] Christopher Goscha, The Road to Dien Bien Phu (p. 36-40) [2] Alfred Mccoy, the Politics of Heroin (p. 135, 156-157) [2] Alexander Cockburn, Jeffrey St. Clair, Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs and the Press (p.241) [3] Christopher Goscha, The Road to Dien Bien Phu (p. 11-13) [4] Alfred Mccoy, the Politics of Heroin (p. 131-132) [5] Alfred Mccoy, the Politics of Heroin (p. 54-55) [6] Alfred Mccoy, the Politics of Heroin (Operation X p. 132-139) (Binh Xuyen 157-159) [6] Alexander Cockburn, Jeffrey St. Clair, Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs and the Press (p.241-242) [6] The Great Heroin Coup, Henrik Kruger (p. 132) [6] Peter Dale Scott, The War Conspiracy (p. 276-277) [7] Alfred Mccoy, the Politics of Heroin (p.139-142) [7] Alexander Cockburn, Jeffrey St. Clair, Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs and the Press (p.241-242) [7] Frederic C. Benson, Genesis of the Hmong-American Alliance, 1949-1962 (p.8-10) https://www.hmongstudiesjournal.org/uploads/4/5/8/7/4587788/bensonhsj16.pdf [8] Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities in Viet-Nam https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/inch001.asp [8] Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities in Laos https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/inch004.asp#:~:text=(a)%20Taking%20into%20account%20the,local%20time%20on%206%20August [8] The Pentagon Papers: The Secret History of the Vietnam War (p.14-20) [9]The Pentagon Papers: The Secret History of the Vietnam War (p.22-26) [10]https://nara-media-001.s3.amazonaws.com/arcmedia/research/pentagon-papers/Pentagon-Papers-Part-V-B-3c.pdf (PDF p. 76-83) [11] Alfred Mccoy, the Politics of Heroin (p. 138-139) (Trinquier letter p. 562-564) [11] Alexander Cockburn, Jeffrey St. Clair, Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs and the Press (p.242)